警察英文秘搜

世界的衛生保健

從此篇文章來看世界的衛生保健如何運作，由於篇幅有限，就英國的部分來參考…

必考單字

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• demographic [diməˋgræfɪk] (adj.) 人口統計的
• vast [væst] (adj.) 廣大的、浩瀚的
• deduct [dɪˋdʌkt] (v.) 扣除
• coveted [ˋkʌvɪtɪd] (adj.) 夢寐以求的、渴望得到的
• plateau [plæˋto] (n.) (上升後的)穩定水準(或時期)

(n.) 名詞 (v.) 動詞 (adj.) 形容詞 (adv.) 副詞

文章賞析

• (前略)
• The demographic of his patient base is as vast as the region the practice covers, ranging from the homeless, newly arrived refugees and blue-collar workers to high-earning middle-class and lawyers and bankers whose houses are worth millions. More than 140 languages are spoken locally.
  他的病人族群非常廣泛，從遊民、新來的難民、藍領階級、中產階級到房產價值超過數百萬的律師及銀行家等都有。這些區域使用的語言超過140種。
• Despite their differences, the patients at this clinic -- and anywhere else in the UK -- have one thing in common: Not one of them will pay or receive a bill for the care they receive here.
  儘管有這樣的歧異存在，直接來自該區或者英國其他區域的患者都有個共通點：看診後不會收到任何的醫護帳單。
• Their health care is free and universal and has been since the formation of the country's National Health Service in 1948.
  自從1948年開始實施國家級的醫療照護制度之後，他們的醫療是免費且普及的。
• The population's health care is funded through tax and compulsory national insurance contributions deducted from income, which go toward many state benefits.
  人民的醫療照護經費來自於所得稅與強制性的國民保險，這也涉及許多國家福利。
• But as the demand for health care has increased across all levels of care -- primary, secondary and tertiary -- so has the strain on this once-coveted health system -- particularly on its finances.
  但隨著醫療照護各個層級（一級、二級、三級）的需求一直增加，這個美好的醫療系統也面臨了財政上的莫大壓力。
• Health care budgets in the UK have been plateauing, with only minor increases in spending, as percentages of gross domestic product spent on it have been declining.
  英國的醫療照護預算一直保持穩定且微幅成長，但在國內生產毛額的佔比仍然還是下滑趨勢。
• Along with this came more people, who are living longer and with multiple conditions like diabetes and heart disease that require treatments also rising in cost. Meanwhile, hospital bed numbers have fallen, numbers visiting emergency rooms have risen, and the demand for social care -- such as home care or equipment -- in the community has increased with limited services in place to provide it, again leaving more people with fewer hospital beds.
  隨著人民越來越長壽，且綜合慢性病如糖尿病及心臟病等的治療也提高了成本。醫院病床數量下降、急診室增加、社區醫療需求增加（例如居家護理及設備），因為資源有限，病人多於床位也形成了常態。
• 文章節錄自：http://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/17/health/health-care-global-uk-national-health-system-eprise/index.html